Five genera from four families of Tylenchida and Aphelenchida wood nematodes were found as a result of the survey of eight regions of Russian European Part. Three Deladenus spp., one Ditylenchus sp., five Aphelenchoides spp., five Laimaphelenchus spp. and four Bursaphelenchus spp. have been isolated from various timber parts. The general number of all nematode populations is 31. L. montanus, L. silvaticus and L. sp. were reported for the first time in Russia. Laimaphelenchus species were isolated from the rind of natural wood in the abundance, whereas in the rind of perished trees the amount of nematodes was low. Bursaphelenchus species were discovered in the rind with bark beetles galleries exceptionally. These results are evidence of further studying necessity of wood nematodes fauna and ecology.